Appropriateness of applying cerebrospinal fluid biomarker cutoffs from Alzheimer’s disease to Parkinson’s disease
Published in Journal of Parkinson's Disease, 2022
Recommended citation: Weinshel, S., Irwin, D. J., Zhang, P., Weintraub, D., Shaw, L. M., Siderowf, A. and Xie, S. X. (2022). "Appropriateness of applying cerebrospinal fluid biomarker cutoffs from Alzheimer's disease to Parkinson's disease. "Journal of Parkinson's Disease, 12(4), 1155--1167. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-212989
Background:
While cutoffs for abnormal levels of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid-$\beta$ 1-42 (A$\beta$142), total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and the ratios of t-tau/A$\beta$142 and p-tau/A$\beta$142, have been established in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), biologically relevant cutoffs have not been studied extensively in Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Objective:
Assess the suitability and diagnostic accuracy of established AD-derived CSF biomarker cutoffs in the PD population.
Methods:
Baseline and longitudinal data on CSF biomarkers, cognitive diagnoses, and PET amyloid imaging in 423 newly diagnosed patients with PD from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort were used to evaluate established AD biomarker cutoffs compared with optimal cutoffs derived from the PPMI cohort.
Results:
Using PET amyloid imaging as the gold standard for AD pathology, the optimal cutoff of A$\beta$142 was higher than the AD cutoff, the optimal cutoffs of t-tau/A$\beta$142 and p-tau/A$\beta$142 were lower than the AD cutoffs, and their confidence intervals (CIs) did not overlap with the AD cutoffs. Optimal cutoffs for t-tau and p-tau to predict cognitive impairment were significantly lower than the AD cutoffs, and their CIs did not overlap with the AD cutoffs.
Conclusion:
Optimal cutoffs for the PPMI cohort for A$\beta$142, t-tau/A$\beta$142, and p-tau/A$\beta$142 to predict amyloid-PET positivity and for t-tau and p-tau to predict cognitive impairment differ significantly from cutoffs derived from AD populations. The presence of additional pathologies such as alpha-synuclein in PD may lead to disease-specific CSF biomarker characteristics.